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Toronto Power Company Generating Station | | | On the Side of Caution | ![]() |
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Toronto Power Company Generating Station | | | On the Side of Caution | ![]() |
Hydro turbines, with large generators turn very slowly compared to steam turbines. It's all a function of how many poles ("magnets") the generator has. The hard and fast number is 3600, which is 60 Hz current x 60 seconds/minute. RPM x number of poles on the generator must = 3600. Big machinery has to turn slow due to centrifugal force, but the rim speeds are up there. Hydro turbines are built custom for each application based on head of water (height), type of flows, and the turbine runner ("water wheel") determines the horspeower and rpm . Oncet hat is in hand, the generator design follows. A hydro turbine turns slower, so a bigger generator with more poles is needed. I've worked on older units that run at 90 rpm. You stand in the turbine pit and look up and can damned near count the poles on the generator rotor. Steam turbines usually run at 3600 rpm, and the combustion "gas" turbines (derived from aviation turbines) turn faster yet. Hydro turbines are friendly, massive machines. Smooth running and generally quiet at openating speed with a nice "60 cycle hum" from the generators and a little dull background roar of the water.