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Pennhurst State School | | | The Sadness | ![]() |
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Pennhurst State School | | | The Sadness | ![]() |
Motts, Your pictures are amazing! They capture the definate feeling that surrounds Pennhurst.
What about the people ON the pit? Are they stuck between oblivion and escape? WTF
Points:
title: the i is not dotted as in the name marcia
the N doesnt match either
Very creepy in either case.....
I saw the news expose' - Suffer the Children - done about Pennhurst , I tend to think conditions could have been better much better in there. I do agree on the short handed staff issue and can understand how the state workes. I worked for the state in a State Hospital for over 20 years and they did want out of the Hospital Business for sure, but, I believe there were abuses going on in Pennhurst whether they were intentional or not - I do not know.....
Very sad picture no matter what the circumstances....
In any case, the description of the photo I put seemed like the best explanation I could give; it's difficult (even impossible) to figure out the story behind things like this when you were never there beforehand, so you can't be so harsh on people who are looking at this with only what we have - these photos.
NBC recently ran a story about Pennhurst today and back when "Suffer the Children" was aired: http://www.nbc10.com/videovault/index.html
Media sensationalism or the truth... here we go again with the same question.
Yeah they were somebodies children even though they were adults but the statement is misleading none the less.
Mr Motts, thanks for your well-written, as well as magnificently photographed site, by the way. A rare combination on the Internet.
If only the original artist of this poster knew it would be photographed and discussed online some day.
My belief is that if people are willing to DO something about it they can "bleed" all they want, but if not, most of us would prefer that they politely shut the hell up and quit making judgments without all the facts.
But wait - one day I'll tell y'all how I REALLY feel about this. ;-)
As to how sane I am, I believe we have a number of competing opinions on that at the moment. :-)
And hey Lynn.....you do know alot.. Plus you have the experience of actually working in different places. I would consider the opinion of someone with first hand knowledge over any magazine,TV. or newspaper article anyday. Rant on all you want.Maybe one of these empty heads will finally get it. I doubt it but maybe..........
A little gift for each of you. From me
Poor Jean :(
Forgive me, Marcia. I'm not accusing you of being a liar, just pointing out that your own testimony about yourself is by definition biased, and that any reasonable person would look for corroboration before believing the words of a person with a vested interest. It doesn't take a genius to know that people paint themselves in the best possible light.
Why are you so shocked that people don't accept your testimony (which, due to the wonders of internet anonymity, could be coming from anyone) without question? And do you really have to ask why people think someone who worked there might not be the best source of information about what the people who worked there were like?
So maybe we all need to just walk out of the institutions right now and let the criticizers and labellers and name callers come and do our jobs at the pay that is given and with the mandatory overtime hours attached. They'd be back here in 24 hours (if they could last that long and/or not kill off our fragile people with their lack of knowledge about how to do this very specialized job) and they would be begging us to come back. Luckily for them (and for the folks we work with!), that will never happen. So let 'em be righteous, let 'em throw stones, let 'em not call you a liar "directly", just by ugly insinuation. I say the hell with 'em.
But one day I'll tell you how I REALLY feel. :-)
To Lynne, Marcia, and everyone else in this field: Most of us realize that you are trying your best to do what can be done, and we don't think you're abusive. There are a few whack-jobs who won't believe the truth when it's right in their faces. Like Lynne said, the hell with 'em. They're too stupid to matter... :D
I specifically said that I wasn't calling Marcia a liar, merely pointing out that people's testimony on their own behalf isn't unbiased. That has nothing to do with where Marcia works, what field she works in, or anything else specific to Marcia. It's very simple: people don't ordinarily admit to wrongdoing, so if someone is accused of wrongdoing, their claim that it didn't happen does not prove that it didn't happen. That's called he said/she said, and even a small child knows better than to put stock in it. But, well, whatever they taught in the school you went to, it sure wasn't logic! Lord save me.
Lynne, why so defensive? You may be an expert on the treatment of the mentally ill, but setting yourself up as an expert on abuse seems misguided to me. I would hope that you are not an expert when it comes to abuse within the system at all.
By the way, since the last time I posted, I've read the autobiography of the gentleman Marcia is accusing of "having been influenced" to say bad things about Pennhurst merely because he's retarded. Shame on her. He's the very last person to be influenced or controlled by anybody; he's a past president and a founding member of Speaking for Ourselves, a disability advocacy group run by the disabled for the disabled. His every word is laden with dignity. But don't take my word for it, go read it, let the man speak for himself.
Pull in the claws - you are right on the edge of flaming some good people because you are a little full of yourself right now. You are doing an awful lot of judging of others without having any idea of what you are talking about. Most of us don't mind a healthy discussion about the ills of the system, given that most outsiders don't have the first clue or interest in the good things that have happened (which shows their own state of mind rather than being reflective of the system). But the point at which you start making public judgments about others merely because of the place they worked makes you as dangerous as people who actually do engage in abuse, because you have prejudged without any facts, and that is equally wrong. You have smeared some good people whose only "sin" was choosing to take care of people who have problems.
Once you have cleaned up the child care system you work for we will be happy to listen to the negative information you want to throw at us. I would say, however, that you may want to consider another job, because if all you are looking for is abuse, you will find it, whether it is there or not. People with that viewpoint scare me every bit as much as the people who engage in abuse. "Witch trials," we used to call them. All I have to do is think that someone is abusive and magically they are.
So we damn and fire all the facility caretakers for the terrible sin of having worked at a facility. Then there are no staff, so we hire pure and self-righteous people who often turn out to be ill-suited to work with this population and guess what? The rate of true abuse rises because the first group of staff actually knew how to deal with all the incredibly difficult scenarios that attach themselves to people who are fragile or who have illnesses of any sort.
You worry about me being in charge of abuse? Sorry, that's what I do and I am very good at it, which is why I feel I can comment about what happens in this field. What would worry me is having you come work a few shifts where I work. Of course, like others, if you made it through the initial criminal background screening you would still need 6 weeks of pre-service training and a minimum of a month being under the wing of a seasoned staff before you could work with my folks. Most people don't have that sort of patience to hang in there that long, especially not the sort of people who like to make snap judgments about things with which they are unfamiliar.
Some of the things you have said are true, but it's difficult to respond to someone who throws rotten garbage along with the mix. If you want to discuss issues, please disentangle them from your accusations. You sound like someone from a lynch mob who has prejudged the outcome and is rearranging the facts to fit the situation.
I have said all along that there have been and are problems with the system, some of them atrocious. But I have also tried to point out which of the supposed atrocities DIDN'T actually occur but were the product of feverish imaginations, why the REAL problems occurred, why we shouldn't prejudge the staff (many of whom kept alive some very fragile people or who championed people with some pretty horrendous problems), and what could be done to fix the problems of the system.
My guess - your favorite colors are black and white.
Presents Lynne with the Golden Cumezekyame Award***
Ergo, if you're looking for something you're going to find it whether or not it's really there. That's when you have to be careful. When working in the advocacy career you have to be sure you have the ability to distinguish the facts as to how what you perceive those facts to mean. It becomes very dangerous if you aren't able to do that.
http://www.garysturt.f...e.co.uk/rosenhan.htm
Yes, I hate to admit my age here, but the Rosenhan study came out while I was in my first year as an undergraduate, and the reverberations were felt widely throughout the field. It was a brilliant study and remains one of the most powerful pieces of work I have ever read. Unfortunately, sometimes people somehow make it into the field without knowing about this incredibly key study.
We had something happen recently in the field (OK, recently to ME - 15 to 20 years ago is a lifetime for many of y'all
When I assist with investigations now (and in the past), the cardinal rule you enter with is NOT to make any assumptions and NOT to lead people. It is remarkably easy to lead people (especially vulnerable people) into saying what they think you want to hear, so you have to be deadly accurate in your interviewing techniques or someone who is innocent will end up wrongly accused or someone who is guilty will walk away free.
If you assume that everyone is an abuser the research is out there (for anyone who cares to look for it) that you will find it everywhere. Conversely, if you don't believe it happens you can't find it, even with piles of evidence staring you in the face.
In my current job as a risk management liaison we spend lots (and lots and lots and lots) of time looking at patterns of injuries - time of day, type of injury, number of injuries, concomitant medical issues, history of injuries - and after a while it is not that hard to see some things that some folks would automatically assume was abuse actually turning out not to be abuse, or vice versa.
Ironically, we are usually jumped more by the people we investigate, because the onus always has to be on protecting the clients. Often staff feel as if an automatic assumption of guilt is made if they are investigated, but the process in all state institutions at this point is that we have to investigate all injuries or unusual events - it's as simple as that. Because the consequences of accusing someone of abuse are also so major, we walk a tight rope of making sure that accusations are not made without a LOT of attempts at getting it right.
If you accuse the wrong person of abuse you sometimes do more damage to the client, who may know full well that this person didn't hurt them, but they lose the relationship they had with this person through an improper accusation. You also may lose a staff person who was the best thing ever to come along for a lot of folks. However, we always have to go with protecting the clients first.
That does not occur when we assume they are abusing people without checking it out first, and it's an insult to staff everywhere.
One additional point that I have to keep coming back to is this - why do we like to heap scorn and ridicule on the people who did what they did with no money and no resources and some of them in frustration became abusive - and we don't heap scorn on ourselves for not demanding better conditions for the clients and their staff? It is because it is cleaner (and we can feel holier) if we act like abuse is solely an internal, personal characteristic rather a reflection of how systems go wrong and how it degrades the people who have to work under these conditions, as well as how society looks at the people who often end up in institutions as being less than human.
I still say that those who act outraged about abuse in institutions need to look around first, because abuse happens everywhere. There are many, many, many of us right now whose entire lives are dedicated to keeping these folks safe. Please go police your own community before you heap your scorn on those of us who actually are doing something about it.
8-)
Your comment about how 15 - 20 years ago if you couldn't remember being abused by your family, it means that you were abused by your family, is that related to what i remember around the same time period about some unreputable psychiatrists implanting false memory's in patients?
Lynne is da "person" tho, no matter how I spell my name.
LST69 - you are a doll, no matter how you spell your name. :-)
I'm sure you are a good person who cares very much about the mentally and physically handicapped. It's quite obvious that you are on some type of crusade to get rid of the negative stigma surrounding mental health care, and thats good. Many people don't get the help they need because of all the negative images attached to being "crazy" so to speak. I am all for viewing things as they are. However, I was under the impression that this web site was devoted to the photography of urban decay. This is art. The above picture, whether or not it was just a joke or whatever, is still a strong image, and "the pit of oblivion" fits perfectly as a description of depression as well as a description of institutiional life, whether it be in a mental hospital or a prison. Being locked up is no fun.
Why was Mona Lisa smiling? Why did Paul McCartney write "Yesterday"? I don't nor want to know why. I make my own explanations.
When you have pictures of rotting structures in front of you, are you going to think of the helpful doctor and the smiling nurse, or the "Nurse Ratchetts" of the world? It would be like trying to have a wedding in a cemetary. Im sorry to ramble on, but I feel like Motts is trying to show some of the beauty in decay and death, and, in a way he is helping to "de-myth" these places, but everyone wants to turn it into a politcal issue. The problem is that this isnt the place. We're all just looking at some beautiful pictures.
You are correct, this site is about art. It's about the awesome photography of some of the most fascinating places.
However, when you find garbage posted about how person Y went into A building and did Z with their friends... Or other garbage where a trash incinerator was used to cremate unclaimed bodies....
The examples could continue.
You want to reeducate the mislead. Not because anyone of us want to be preachy about Mental Health Care or any other Health Care in that matter.
You want them to understand that these places were indeed horrific in the past for some people, as well as a safe haven for others.
Unfortunately, when working to get points across, express memories of the people who lived and worked in these buildings.
There are people who come around
and call them liars, and try to tell everyone else on here that they are right, and those of us who might know better are dead wrong.
We don't try to romanticize these places.
But what would you do if you saw a rust stain on the wall(coming from a piece of metal on the door), and someone insists that it's blood, and you are in the medical field and know darn well what blood looks like, at various ages, because you have dealt with it.
You would want to correct them, yes?
Or would you let them perpetuate the horror stories that society won't let die?
Just curious.
Now I don't want to fight here. I'm sure many good people did work at Pennhurst--however according to actual court transcripts many bad people did to. In fact, most of the good employee's at Pennhurst ended up coming out and filing complaints against the place.
I've been reading Lynne's comments and she really seems to know a lot about mental hospitals and the care of disturbed patients but I really have to wonder if she has seen that old movie footage from back in the 1960s.
How could anyone look at that and defend this place?
Yes, I have seen that film. I have been in this field since 1972, I have worked in multiple settings, both community and institutional, and my doctorate is in mental retardation and clinical child psychology. There is nothing new in that video that I haven't seen in many other videos, many other books & photographs, and, more importantly, in person up close and personal. While working directly with people with various "challenging" conditions I have been attacked physically, called names I had never even heard before, and smeared with excrement and saliva, but I wouldn't stop working in this field for anything in the world because it is my life and these people are my life. I have also been valued and appreciated more than almost any of the rest of you because I have tried to help folks who thrive when they are treated well and appreciated. I don't care what anyone in the entire universe thinks of me personally because I see myself reflected back so positively in the eyes of these people when I walk up to them and know that we each know who the other person TRULY is, all handicaps and diplomas and B.S. aside.
If anyone thinks that I am blindly defending the horrors that were often part and parcel of institutional life, then they haven't read what I have been writing. So rather than bore everyone else who has read this schpiel the 1,000+ times I've written it, let me cover the key points:
1. Society didn't like people who were different and, frankly, still doesn't.
2. Society (the people who vote and pay taxes) wanted these people elsewhere, hidden from sight, and *IN HALF OF THE STATES IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA* the people voted for the involuntary sterilization of these people. This was heard in the U.S. Supreme Court by no less famous and respected a jurist as Oliver Wendell Holmes, and he and the court AGREED.
3. The voting portion of the United States did not elect to give much in the way of money to these places to take care of the people who were sent there.
4. These places were built to take care of a certain number of people.
5. These places were ALL filled WAY past the point of intended capacity, sometimes double their capacity, because the voting people of the United States did not want to look at these people, and in a number of places, tried to enact legislation to kill these people. They usually settled for segregation and involuntarily sterilization, and since they didn't vote for enough money for decent housing, care, and/or medical services, they inadvertently sentenced many of these people to a VERY short life.
6. The wages paid to the people who worked (and still work) in these places has always been abominably low because the people of each state vote for the taxes that constitute the wages that are paid to these people. If you don't value the people who live somewhere, you don't bother to pay a lot to the people who take care of them.
7. The industry of direct care workers across the United States has the highest injury rate of any profession, bar none.
8. Not only were the wages terrible, but the number of staff hired was always inadequate because few people could get by on the meager salaries paid unless they worked overtime or in a second job.
9. Subsequently, mandatory overtime was (and is) atrocious, the turnover rate is an embarrassment to any civilized nation, and the lack of respect that most of you give to the people who were brave enough, tenacious enough, and caring enough to work here would make most people commit suicide, much less go back to work for yet another 16-hour shift.
10. The people who were sent here to live were an amalgamation of all the people who society thought were bad, evil, or just plain "different". Few of them wanted to live in these places, often families didn't want to send their loved ones here, but the truth is, the voting portion of the United States of America did not care enough about these people to pay the taxes it took to keep them at home, and in most places, the voters worked very hard (and continue to work hard TO THIS VERY DAY) to keep "people like this" out of THEIR schools and THEIR neighborhoods.
When I teach the yearly risk management refresher course to the people at the facility where I work, I ask them all to give themselves a pat on the back for the incredible job they do keeping alive the sort of people that the rest of you only have strange, uneasy dreams about. I tell them that if they were to, as a group, get wiped out one day, the people who live where we work would be dead in a week because most of the rest of society wouldn't have the first clue how to take care of folks who are this complicated medically, behaviorally, and physically.
Were these places hellholes at times? You bet they were. And given that every state had a place like this that fell on to similar hard times, it was pretty much only by the grace of the dedicated facility staff that so many of these people are still alive.
When I see people taking potshots at these staff my blood boils. I have to say, I truly scorn anyone who dares criticize these folks without working several shifts, lifting the stiff, misshapen bodies of people who can barely move a limb, helping take care of the very people who may have physically attacked them not an hour before, helping people who are blind and deaf and physically handicapped to get some recreational experiences, sitting with people who are in the midst of status epilepticus and not knowing whether they are ever going to come out of the seizure, and/or lifting someone with severe osteoporosis resulting from years of anticonvulsant medications only to hear that sickening "snap" sound that means that a bone has broken and knowing that they will then have to undergo an investigation because of the injury, even though they were as gentle and as careful as anyone could be.
THAT'S how I can defend this place and revile it at the same time. It's by holding two truths together at once - truths that on the surface look discrepant but aren't when you really look at them and consider them.
*****
:-) End of rant :-)
Thanks for your reply. I totally understand what you mean about the staff who tried. It must be the hardest job in the world to deal with people like this. I like how you admit that these places had problems but defend the staff. I agree, many of these patients were violent and I suppose that in some cases they did need to be restrained.
Still, I think all those old movies and pictures from Pennhurst are important to see so people can understand how much better mental institutions are today. They were hell holes back then though, I don't think that can be denied. I know that people with certain mental problems still have to be restained at times due to violent antics but at least the conditions today are a lot better.
Again I never meant to attack the staff at all, I'm just saying that I am glad that conditions are better now.
One thing I didn't understand: they say this picture was drawn by staff right? Well wasn't it also supposed to be hung up in an area near kids? That's all I meant when I said it might scare some kids if it was hanging in a place they might have seen it. That's the only reason I commented about the children. Didn't the TA class involve the kids? Again thanks for your knowlegde.
What was the TA class? I'm just wondering. Was it all for the staff or were patients there too? I read all of the above comments and I know that the picture was drawn by the TA class (and that most people in the class thought it was stupid) but I'm not sure what the TA class was. Also, was this picture hung up in a place near the patients? It just seems weird to me that if the TA class consisted of all adults that they would have to draw such a childish picture.
I'm just asking out of curiosity, I'm not passing attacking you, I'm just confused about what the purpose of this class was.
Lynne, I read one of your comments from January. I think it was the 13th of January 2006 and I have to say that your job sounds really difficult but really interesting. It must be hard to have to look over all those injuries and see where they came from. I believe you when you say most of them are self inflicted since I've read that a good number of the mentally ill do try to hurt themselves. It must be a really sad thing to see but I applaud you for doing your upmost to help those who are ill.
Once I heard a story but it maybe a rumor. Have you ever heard that way back in the olden days of threapy, the 1800s let's say, one of the ways to "cure" mental illness was to scare it out of ill? I've heard that back in those days the doctors would try to frighten people into saneness and actually do more harm than good. Is there any truth to this at all? If so how did they frighten them (like did they jump out at them and shout BOO or threaten them somehow)?
Sorry to ask so many questions but I'm really interested by all this.
In that case then there is nothing wrong with this drawing. It wasn't in an area around the patients and it was viewed merely as a frustrated joke by the staff so there's nothing bad about it at all then.
I wouldn't have been delighted to hear that it was for the children and residents to see but since it was only for the staff forced into a hated class then I can actually see some pretty good humor in the drawing. :D
I feel bad for anyone who is forced to attend these stupid classes, what the hell is the point anyway?
Thanks again for your reply.
Thanks a lot for your explaination though. This must have been a very sad place to work in with all the damged people but at least you did your best to help them. It's a sad situation.
I know what you are saying, the picture was harmless to the clients because they couldn't understand it. Sorry but I thought you had said it could have been harmful. LOL I need to rest my eyes! I've been writing all day. Sorry about that again. Just ignore that alst comment, my bad. :)
*****Memories and stories from past employees, visitors or patients are gratefully welcomed, they help keep these places alive!*****
The best advice, then, I could give is to IGNORE the comments area, and stick to looking at the pictures. That's what you are saying you want, and it really isn't that hard to do...
Ok, now back to the bickering and long winded debates, carry on!
Chains? Who said anything about chains. Sorry the last time I looked I'm a sane person who defends the place. Can't help it, just do.
"Parent" is tarring everyone with the same brush because of what s/he heard from a friend and read on a website that describes the bad things that happened at Pennhurst, not the good things that happened - of which there were many.
Most of us are just plain tired of hearing the accusing and blaming of people who didn't do anything to make things better for people who lived in institutional settings at the time (or even today, for that matter, because - believe it or not - there are still a bunch of institutions out there, and I am guessing that those of you who are complaining haven't been to one recently to see just what is or isn't happening there); they just want to blame those few of us who had the courage (stupidity, it appears now) to work in the field because at least that way there's someone else to put the blame on. We were the people who took care of these folks when no one else would/could. And sometimes we did a pretty terrible job when there was minimal pay, minimal training, triple overtime, and horrendously bad staffing ratios.
"Parent" doesn't want to look in the mirror and see whether or not s/he has called all local and state reps to push for more funding, nor has "Parent" stated whether s/he has done much in the way of supporting people with disabilities instead of just his/her own child. Rather than talking about how to make things better or empathizing with the staff who actually kept these very difficult and fragile folks alive, "Parent" is just lobbing stones. And after awhile we get a little unhappy having stones lobbed at us when we did a heck of a service to a group of people that few of y'all even look at today, much less help.
If you haven't walked the walk, don't pretend to talk the talk, and certainly get your dang hands off the pile of stones many of you seem to have at your fingertips that you are just itching to lob because - guess what? Most of y'all live in glass houses. :-)
If you want to look at pictures of abandoned buildings and surmise about the abuse, cruelty and crimes against humanity, check out any abandoned jail or prison. I assure you there were all forms of degradation taking place daily in those types of structures.
... and men do well to hide their hell; for in it things are done, that son of man nor Son of God ever should look upon.
In my humble opinion. :-)
Thank God I am a simple fool and can admit that I don't know what the heck I am talking about much of the time. At the same time, I can honestly say I have walked the walk in many, many different places and have a bit of experience about which I can speak, as wrong-headed as that makes me to some people. If all that ever happened in this place was torture and abuse you can bet I'd be the first person to speak out about it. But that would be a lie and I admit that I am a fool but I am NOT much of a liar. :-)
P.S. What do you give a person for Christmas who wants to make every place into hell? Do you tell them they are right just to make them happy, or do you try to enlighten them? What an unusual dilemma! :-)
In the last 30 years I've worked with alcoholics, gambling addicts, dopers, ex patients and others. People who would work for low pay. The states don't attract the really good psychiatrists, psychologists and other professionals. Until recently the states have become more competitive in pay, and benefits. When I started I was bringing home under a 100 bucks a month. Would you take the chance of getting your head beat in for under 100 bucks a week? In 30 years I've made more than a few trips to the emergency room as a result of "activity" on a floor. It's a dangerous job, in which you are asked, nay required by laws, to put aside your normal responses to aggression and take it until help arrives. You can 'nonviolently' defend yourself for sure. You have to sign forms that these are the only techniques you will use to parry and defend yourself against aggression. The techniques are sometimes useful, some times not (they don't encompass every scenario, even the most likely one, the sucker punch). I've seen the transition from rockem sockem days to the more comfy pillow days (which are far superior to the old days).
It breaks down, to back in the day, money and taking who you could get for low pay to a more consumer oriented approach these days. Although the occasional loo loo sneaks through and the joint makes the papers again with shocking tales of abuse and misconduct worthy of a bacchanalian orgy.
Abuses happened. They still do, not on any sort of huge scale anymore. The people who are workers (sadists) and patients (the nobly afflicted) are both human beings with all the wonderment that comes with both.
Shit happened, happens, will happen.
Or at least, to quote Ashleigh Brilliant one more time, "If you must keep groaning, please try to do it in a rhythm I can dance to." :-)
Before someone else gets to it first. ;-)
Maybe.
However, I must say that through all of these posts Lynne and Big Ed have remained consistant and steadfast in spite of the ignorance and accusations. They have defended their professions gallantly.
But mark my words dear people, "If you keep poking, even the sweetest dog will bite"
in the short time i have worked at my place i have already seen huge positive changes in some of the people being cared for. it's often a case of one step forward and two back, but it's progress nonetheless.
yes, bad things happened in places like this. awful, unforgivable things. but so did good things. if you stop believing in the basic humanity of people, what have you got left?
*shuts up*
Poking, whining, and self-righteousness? ;-)
Just a guess, mind you.
credible people. Surly Girl, I sincerely share your wonder (and anyone else's) of what it was like back in the day. How appropriate the good doctor popped in here :-)
I'm sorry to keep this going but this thread is really interesting. You actually had to go to the hospital because of injuries sustained on the job? Wow, I never thought of that before, although I suppose it's possible given the line of work.
I hope none of your injuries were really bad. Can you tell about any of them? God I'm nosey.... I hope you don't mind I'm just really interested. Happy holidays by the way. :-)
*phew!* Glad I got THAT off my chest!
Long Island - where I currently work our leading cause of staff injuries is almost always due to what we affectionately refer to as "challenging behaviors." Remember, a lot of these people aren't able to control themselves at all times, which is why most of them are here. The job of staff is to do everything they can to support our people, even when (especially when) they are out of control and/or aggressive, and staff must use ONLY nonviolent means to keep everyone safe or else they are fired (with very few exceptions).
Ironically, it is people who believe the world is supposed to be a "fair" place who have the toughest time with this concept. They believe (which is certainly their right) that you treat everyone the same and expect the same out of everyone. "An eye for an eye." That would be fine if we were all clones and in "perfect working order," but true "fairness" means giving everyone what they NEED, not giving them the same thing (or the same amount of something) as everyone else.
One day we'll have a better way to deal with folks who are out of control and become aggressive. Until then we are stuck with our imperfections, our bad days, our weaknesses, and our outdated medical/behavioral interventions. If anyone has a better answer or better way to do this, we all would certainly (and sincerely) be interested in learning how to do it. Money isn't the total answer, but with money you can be more stringent in your hiring/firing practices, you can increase the amount of training that staff receive, and you can recruit/keep some excellent people. Over the past 2 years where I work we have lost a number of our best clinicians because they pay so much more other places. States do not offer much in the way of pay in comparison with the private sector, and direct care staff can usually get as good a good working at Wendy's (and they won't be forced to work mandatory overtime or change anyone's undergarments - unless, of course, they work with Dr. Sketch).
P.S. Other than the usual cuts, scrapes and bruises that are part and parcel of the job, I have only had 2 injuries that caused me to seek medical treatment, so I have gotten off relatively easy. Once I was hit with a chair and got some cracked ribs and once a person with hepatitis B tried to pull out my right eyeball, but that's it. I have certainly dodged my share of flying furniture and other projectiles, however, as well as being "painted" many a time. Again, however, if that is something a person can't deal with, this is certainly not the right place to be. I always know that the person being aggressive either can't help him/herself or is looking at me as "one of them," so I just can't take it personally, so I don't respond in an emotional manner (which is where we get accusations of being cold and clinical 8`-] ). This behavior is just a different type of communication and my job is to help people learn a more functional means of communicating about their upsets, not to squelch their (often) only means of communication.
Cracked ribs? Ow! It is really amazing that some people think everyone who worked in these places were awful people. You, as staff, put up with far more abuse than the patients do and really, as you said, many times the patients can't help themselves. You care so much about people who wouldn't survive anywhere else.
I don't know if I've mentioned this before but my cousin's wife is a nurse at a mental hospital and she said that some of the worst cases she's seen are PTSD cases. She knew man who had PTSD from his childhood (abusive home life) and he was the most seemingly normal person ever--except when he thought he had to go into a bath tub. He was fine with showers but he didn't like tubs because when he was 8 his stepdad tried to drown him in one. I was told that if he got put into a room with a tub he could actually panic and become violent thinking that he was 8 again and the people trying to calm him down were actually his stepdad. PTSD is a bad illness.
I suppose that, to a degree, people are right when they say that in the past bad people worked in these places and bad things happnened there but, I'd be willing to wager, there were more good than bad people working at these places and in today's world it's almost all good.
Maybe the world is growing up, nevertheless, they have a gem as long as they have you Lynne. :-)
Thanks for answering so many questions on here.
I will check out the book though. If you want to read more about this place Pennhurst) check out this link. This was written by a patient:
http://www.disabilitym...docs/1681.htm?page=1
I'm sorry to keep this going but this thread is really interesting. You actually had to go to the hospital because of injuries sustained on the job?"
I've had to go for a few tetanus shots because of cuts I've received. Once I had to be checked for a concussion after I took a couple of shots to the head.. I had a split lip from a sucker punch. I worked at the pointy end of the stick (that's how I describe direct care staff who are first in the room on a help call). If everyone did their job no one got hurt staff or patient.. Patients were almost never injured during helpcalls. For those who may feel otherwise, consider this. If some one did get hurt we'd have to spend the rest of the shift treating the injury and trying to CYA. We're a lazy lot paperwork wise. So we were as careful as possible to not injure anyone ,if not from a sense of compassion then for our own good..
Take downs are supposed to be safe efficient and rare. We always tried to be that way. A fight on the floor ruined a night. Someone could get hurt, restraints might happen, and the documentation these days would choke a horse. Restrain a patient kill a forest.
What a bunch of stories! You certainly have a tough job but you do your best. Thank you for answering my question. Merry Christmas. :-)
I see that - you are hardly able to control yourself NOW and you are presumably under fairly ideal conditions. :-)
P.S. I would advise a slightly larger circle of reading and references than that which you have limited yourself to. However, the danger there is that you might learn something you don't want to know - that is, that not all staff were killers and torturers, that not all situations were 100% terrible, that some people thrived even in rough situations, and that every now and then good things happened.
You would also have to realize that until you get off your hindquarters and get out there and push for increased taxes for mental health that this will happen over and over again while you are sitting there with your mouth agape and your finger pointing outward - you will then have to realize that "when you point a finger at someone else, 4 fingers are pointing back at you."
However, it's sure easier to poke at other people than to do something yourself, I've found. How can you fail when you never try? Leaves you right (and righteous) 100% of the time.
Come out with us and get your feet (and index finger that you wag at others so much) dirty and THEN tell us what it's like. Then you might have some credibility. Right now you come across merely as an armchair whiner. That's the best job in the world because you don't have to do anything but complain and protest. Maybe I should come join you. It would be a lot easier than actually doing something, that's for sure. :-)
That's exactly what many of us do. But if you can't see the good that went with the bad you are doomed to repeat history. If you throw the baby out with the bathwater you'll have a nice clean tub but no baby. :-)
"Comments . . . submitted under various aliases are subject to immediate deletion and your ip address being banned from this website. By submitting your comment you agree to these terms."
Only then will you become credible. Admitting our mistakes allows us to move forward!
OK, then - you're right, of course. All those of us who work(ed) in institutions ever do (did) was torture, maim, humiliate, cremate, abuse, and harass our innocent charges, none of whom would have ever had any issues or problems had they not been kidnapped and forced into slavery in our hell holes. Yeah, you found us out. Our bad. Oops! Busted!
Marcia - Ed - looks like this very clever, erudite person finally found out what we have really been doing all these years through his/her brilliant deductive logic that just leaves me squealing in the aisles with shame, misery, and guilt. Ouch! Ouch! Put away your sharp yet brilliant rhetoric! You found us out! Oh golly gosh, we are and were terrible people but you can tell us how it should have been done and how we can rectify our hideous mistakes of the past! I see that you alone hold the key, and the rest of us are and always were torturous dogs! No, that would be unfair to dogs to say that.
But of course you are right! We need to admit our horrible past first before we can move on. You got us there. Oh, ouch! Oh, this hurts! Touche! Touche!
Happy now? Probably not, I am guessing. You seem a lot happier when you are in a self-righteous snit. :-)
Some of you (names aside) have been fighting on this page for over A YEAR AND A HALF and what have you accomplished?? Not a damn thing. I'm going to bed, because I have to work tomorrow....
I think thee doth need a spellcheck function and a way to deal with your overuse of the Caps Lock key.
Tiffy, please don't bother your head with arguments and debate. If you can't understand what this is about, don't let it bother your sleep. Some people need to see things wrapped up neatly in black and white. Some people want happy endings all the time. Too bad life isn't like that. Ironically, that's what the real debate is here - not if someone is right or wrong, but the manner in which people view, analyze, and interpret information, how much information they choose to look at, and what conclusions they reach from what they are willing to look at.
Marcia, some people enjoy not getting it, don'tcha think? 'Specially those who have never done anything about it 'cept bitch and whine. They do tire me after a while, but after 35+ years I am used to the high-pitched whine of their ceaseless droning. I think they pity themselves more than they pity anyone who was ever in a bad situation, since they don't know what they are talking about and fiercely refuse to learn.
Oh well. :-)
DENY IT ALL YOU WANT . THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGREED FACTS ARE FACTS!
Damn, then I guess that means the tent won't hold...
You've created a monster... All I can think of is Col. Kurtz' last words...
We've done more than read the information. That's the point. People are working off a few small pieces of information and want to believe that's all that ever happened. And they want us to believe that things will get better when so many people are so short-sighted and small-minded as to ignore the larger picture and everything that happened, not just look at the bad parts.
Why does history get repeated? It's because no one seems to want to learn from it - from ALL of it, not just the parts that people choose to pay attention to. The difference between some of us and others of us is that some of us want to see the entire scope of what happened because we think that is how we can make things better. If you want to look at the bad engine that caused a car wreck, that's great. But if you miss the fact that the entire design was faulty, that the factory itself was faulty, it won't save any more lives by just fixing the engine, because there are more problems than that.
Why don't you two stop looking at the engine and look at the factory that built the machines? Are people afraid to admit that this was a societal problem and stop poking at the people who were stuck in a broken system? It's a lot harder to point a finger at the larger system - no easy scapegoat. And some people need a scapegoat to sleep at night. Salves their guilty consciences so they don't have to see that ALL of us were the problem - the entire society.
parent, if you weren't out there helping out at Pennhurst then you are a hypocrite of the worst sort - the one that likes to blame others and doesn't help out. However, at the same time by writing in over and over again and missing the main point, in a small way you have done a service. You have shown us where the problems still are in the system - that people still want to blame past problems on individuals and not the lousy system and the people who didn't take care of the system - the voters. And for that, I thank you. You have done a great service to people who read this by showing them what happens when people are unable or unwilling to grasp the larger picture. You get to make it happen all over again.
Yeah, blame it on the engine.
We have to deal with name-calling monsters like this all the time. They do tend to get on your nerves occasionally, but only because they don't know what they are talking about. I admit, I don't mind a true debate, but this person is at the "nanny-nanny-boo-boo" level and doesn't have any information to back him/her up.
Believe me, we're used to it - over the years Marcia, Big Ed, and I have been called a lot worse names by a much higher class of people for working in this field. ;-)
Navi,
Tee hee! :-)
I was referring to the Opacity home page for the Pennhurst school.That home page and both sets of pictures have information describing some of the conditions at the school.There is also a link to check out some of the Pennhurst documents.None of it paints a very good picture.Some of the things that went on were pretty horrible.That does not mean that everyone was treated like.That also does not mean that everyone who worked there treated people poorly.Most of the people who worked there tried their best.The few who did their job poorly or abused patients made everyone look bad.
Each place shown on Opacity has a little background information.Many of the hospitals,asylums and schools had some history that was sad.For many,that is what they think when they look at the pictures.When you look at the outside of Danvers State Hospital,you see a beautiful building.When you look at the inside,you see darkness..For someone who does not know much about mental illness,it is difficult to think that anything good ever happened there.When a Kirkbride asylum or hospital opened,it was a beautiful,well run facility.By the 1950's many of those places were horrible.They were not funded adequately,there was not enough staff and they had more patients than they were designed to hold.The state goverment has responsibilty for many of the problems.Society has some responsibilty for not wanting to have anything to do with the mentally ill.For many,out of sight was out of mind.
There are many things that get repeated in history.The human race does not always learn from their past errors.We still experience things today that went on in the past such as wars,conflicts over religion,and many other things.The killing of millions in the death camps during WW2 happened 60 years ago.We would have hoped that something like that would not be repeated,but it happened again in Cambodia,Chechnia and many other countries.It happened many times before World War 2.I dont know why this happens.Is it human nature?
I think it is important to talk about mental illness.There are lots of people who would like to know more about it.I have suffered from mental illness since the 1970's.Learning as much as I can about my illness has been very important.It is a learning experience that never ends.Please dont get so frustrated when someone makes a comment that is negative to your profession.People with mental illness have lived with those remarks for a long time.
Probably heard of the phrase black sheep to mean an outcast, so used that since they were all outcasts of society back then (and in some cases even now), and the names make me chilly.
The fact these are real people the artist knew perhaps. Jean maybe died somehow as did the other unnamed sheep. Bennie? and Jo have managed to escape the pit, and Marcia and Mary seem to be between heaven and hell itself.
or it could be just a drawing someone drew and named the sheep because he or she wanted to.
iloveyoufgt.
THE PLACE IS CREEPY THOUGH AND U CAN TELL A LOT OF SHIT HAPPENED THERE
I still say, however, that having been inside Pennhurst as a "guest" when the facility was still operational, caring for people who are mentally challenged and in an institutional setting is extremely difficult. Especially when the caregivers did not have adequate support from the state or the residents' families. I believe it takes very special people to do this work the way we think it should be done.
I had a young mentally retarded cousin in Pennhurst. I just learned this a week ago. I have little doubt that she had few or no visitors and suffered as many others did. It's appalling, for every person who ever had to live there. And now it's hit even closer to home for me.
where abuse is less likely to occur for less money and human dignity is preserved
where abuse is less likely to occur for less money and human dignity is preserved"
Well I don't know about that. I think it's probably about the same. Maybe less reported because there is less monitoring.
When we finally move everyone out, and I am confident we eventually will, the costs - which are running neck and neck now - will shift to being more expensive to live in the community. However, I personally think it is worth it for everyone to have better access to the community, even though physical integration doesn't equal social integration, as we have seen in the research.
I do disagree, however, about abuse being detected more quickly in the community. There is little support for this as far as facts and figures, and in fact, at this point the institutions have a higher reporting rate and for smaller injuries and incidents. That is due to the fact that there are more people at a facility who are able to see our folks whereas in most community placements you have fewer people who work longer shifts and the turnover rate means that you will have a whole new set of staff every year, on the average. The turnover rate in the community is between 100% and 150%. In the facility where I work it is around 15%. That can be a good thing or it can be a bad thing, but it does mean that there are more people who are familiar with our folks and because we have roving crews of staff who monitor living areas and check out nursing logs and injury reports (like me) I can spit you back info on who has had how many injuries, when, what they were, how serious they were, and whether the rate or pattern dictates a review or an investigation. Resources are way too scattered in the community for that to occur.
At the same time, I think it's worth the cost to go community. Now if someone could just convince our funding agencies that this is the way to go . . .
and i think taking years to proove something in this argument is ridiculous.
obviously, if nothing has been solved by now, it never will be.
let the ignorant remain in "bliss".
this is artwork.
let people interpret it as they'd like.
None of us have the ability to "give others permission to interpret things as they like" - but it's always better to give people some objective reality if you happen to know something about it than it is to let people run off half-cocked with bizarre ideas from things they have never personally experienced but have just decided "must be." That isn't "art" - that is "drama pretending to be art that doesn't want to bother with reality because it might be uncomfortable."
If you've never spent time with profoundly mentally ill or retarded people, I doubt you can truly connect to the abyss that often appears in their artwork. Standing on the outside of a hospital and looking at it is far different from being on the inside and looking out.
Funny how this particular picture, which we know for certain was drawn by staff, inspires people who know nothing about the world of DD to write in and make comments showing their own bizarre yet naive conceptions about how other peoples' lives are or were.
I'm thinking something or someone needs to be taken with a grain of salt. ;-)
Bad psychopharmacological pun - sorry.
http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2008/03/07/neither-black-nor-white/
http://www.elpeecho.co.../viewtopic.php?t=412
Poster after poster comes in to speculate about the darkest horrors this picture must surely betray. For people who know more about the actual specifics of the background, that must be immensely frustrating. It's so easy to conjure up pictures of nothing but brutal sadists for those who've never experienced the situation first hand.
And yes, there is something disturbing in the adrenalin rush with which people seem to crowd upon any scene of horror and outrage, almost eagerly evoking the possible scenes, before passing on again.
Neverending speculation about an unending hell of abuse must also be deeply offensive who toil in this line of work. They work in the hardest of all jobs, are expected to give their all for lousy wages, and feel that their whole profession is still maligned as some collective of abusers as soon as one out of their many is revealed as one.
On the other hand, there is a lot of knee-jerk responses too. The more defensive posters seem to bristle at pretty much *any* mention of the abuses that went on. They're not denying they happened, for sure, but instinctively lashing out at anyone bringing them up - even reasonable posters.
Seen a number of posters explicitly state that they're sure that there were many good people working there too, before referring to the gruesome things that happened, and all getting the verbal slap round the ear anyway.
You just dont seem to hear what the other is saying anymore. Thats most obviously true for the judgemental passers by, who are all hit-and-run posters anyway, but also for the other side.
Alliecat points out that of course people are not going to go solely on the word of someone who worked there either, just because that view is by definition biased - which is just common sense - but she explicitly says that she's not calling the other poster a liar? She still gets the 'how dare she call me a liar' response anyway. Someone mentions the memoirs of a former resident? Oh well, quote: "he is retarded right? Maybe he was influenced". Not the slightest interest in what the guy, who turns out to have become a prominent disability self-advocate, had to say or who he was; the knee-jerk instinct to dismiss out of hand is firmly in check. Lots of circling the wagons going on in this thread.
But I didnt start writing just to diss people. Guess I just got frustrated. Bottom line is that everyone on this thread cares. Even the passers by with their speculations still stop by with a real measure of genuine pity and concern, which is more than you could have said fourty or fifty years ago. And even the sharpest knee-jerk responses came from people who did spend years doing this amazing and gigantic work, something someone like me sure cant match up with.
And all the to and for aside, Lynne's point that people love to point the finger at the caregivers as some kind of monsters, but at the same time stubbornly vote down the taxes needed to fund better care is a good one. Everyone likes a person to blame; acknowledging the systemic flaw that we're all co-responsible for is another matter. The numbered points in her post of 04-01-2006 are ace. If that's a rant, ranting is good.
But mostly, after going through the whole to and fro with people increasingly unable to hear what the other is really saying, I wanted to thank Witness and BigEd (and Jamara and William) for trying to walk the line in between. Going beyond easy-chair judgement and knee-jerk defense. That was much needed. Thank you very much.
Eh, what am I doing? I'm not contributing anything here. I'm just another poster rambling. I guess I just needed to synthesize my thoughts after reading all of yours. OK, done. Another hit-and-run poster heard from -- but also another one touched, for what it's worth..
Can we all agree that being mentally ill sucks? Sucked 50 years ago, sucks now. Sucks for the patient, sucks for the family, sucks for the caregiver, just sucks. There have been horrid methods used to treat and control mental illness. There have been horrid methods used to treat TB, cancer, you name it. We look at some of these things now and think "How could they?" Maybe 50 years from now (or less hopefully) we'll look at chemo or dialysis or prozac the same way. Think about the situation you have a bunch of people cruising around that are in this facility for mental illness, a mental illness that could leave them not understanding the harm they could do to themselves, another patient, a staff member. What is the limited amount of staff supposed to do? Allow it to happen b/c, God forbid, we don't want to infringe on anyone's human rights by restaining them safely? Or should that person be restained until they're not a danger to themselves or others? There wasn't (and still isn't) enough funding to get the care that the mentally ill need. Not enough doctors, nurses, caregivers to sit there with a patient while physically restraining them from doing harm. Out of all the groups that could potentially do the most harm to themselves and society, we still in 2008, give less funding to the needs of the mentally ill than we do say, breast cancer. (Not that breast cancer isn't a worthy cause, just not as likely to cause someone to stab their neighbor to death less than a half hour after being released from a psych ward as we saw happen last week in my town) Thus we don't have the staff to help them as completely as they need, we don't have the housing to keep them safe during treatment so they're released before they've truly been helped, insurance certainly doesn't cover mental health as they do physical illness so....what is the answer? Did abuse occur? Yes. Did horrible mistreatment happen? yes. Does it continue today? Yes but less so due to checks and balances. Does abuse and mistreatment happen in your school, your office, your church, your nursing home, your daycare, your neighbor's house, your house? Yes. Its a rotten thing but true and the people committing these unspeakable acts need serious help too. Instead of bitching in CAPS about how we can never let this happen again, realize that the way to prevent it is to raise awareness and funds.
Now, I will be turning the soapbox back over to Lynne and resume enjoying Mr. Motts lovely photos.... Thank you for your time.
Almost all of the mechanical restraints I have seen used have been used to protect individuals from their own self-injurious behaviors. I have seen people pick at sores until bone is visible. Or an eye or lip destroyed. Or head-banging until stitches are needed because what the person seeks is the attention given in a hospital emergency room.
Two aspects of moving these residents to the community were especially hard. One was reassuring the staff at the institution that we would provide the same loving, considerate care they had provided for the thirty or forty years the person had been with them. I know abuses happened, but I don't think abusive staff were the ones insisting on coming to the new home with the person to make sure it was everything we had promised in the discharge planning meetings, and who made videos for us showing how they handled mealtimes, baths, transfers, and all the other little aspects of the person's day, as well as making sure we knew favorite foods, favorite music, etc.
The other especially hard thing was the families of the individuals. Forty years ago we**the "experts"**had told them that the right thing to do was to place their child in the institution, because they would get special care by people who knew how to help them, it was best for everyone, etc. Now we were coming back to them, after they had either finally made some kind of peace with that placement or were still agonizing with guilt over it, and telling them, no, the institution isn't the right place, we were wrong. It was the only home most of them had ever known, they were with staff who had been there for years in a small town where they were part of the community, but the LAW said they had to leave there and come live among strangers who didn't know them. And yes, we had been wrong before, but this time, the families were supposed to trust that we really DID know, and that this would be better. For some, probably most, families, it was. For others, I'm not so sure.
"On the other hand, there is a lot of knee-jerk responses too. The more defensive posters seem to bristle at pretty much *any* mention of the abuses that went on. They're not denying they happened, for sure, but instinctively lashing out at anyone bringing them up - even reasonable posters.
Seen a number of posters explicitly state that they're sure that there were many good people working there too, before referring to the gruesome things that happened, and all getting the verbal slap round the ear anyway.
You just dont seem to hear what the other is saying anymore. Thats most obviously true for the judgemental passers by, who are all hit-and-run posters anyway, but also for the other side."
Joost, I could not have said it ANY better!!! Thank u!!
BTW, I could safely say that I am new at this site, but u can look at the other locales and see I am not ur average "hit and run' poster.
Looks like one of those pictures that are meant to brain wash the patient? Not in an illusion type way but more of a symbolic way. It seems that it's saying that the children are out casts and don't belong in OUR world which is why they are black sheep. The crocodiles I think are supposed to represent those of the perfectly fine minds of whom look down apawn them and how they treat them cruel which is why we see one bighting a lamb on the leg. The rainbow, which the lambs are climbing, must represent the sanctuary of the hospital away from the big bad world.
Basically what this picture says is: "You don't belong in the out side world because you are different and you're only choice is to suffer hear." =/
Got my lingo?
Ok, I'm sure I remember my childhood, I've never lived in PA. But this looks like something I would paint/color.
I love this pictures, my freind showed me one and now I can't stop lookinga them. I'm very much into photography. I go to school on an old army base. There is a bunch of old buildings that I wish to get into, but they are padlocked, but i can still get some very cool shots from the outside!
im not saying everyone who worked there was like this. not at all!! but when people talk i tend to listen. and can normaly find the bad apples just from the way they speak. thats my interrogation skills kicking in!
You really need to stop and think about this before pointing fingers.When you lump together the good and the bad you sully the name of those who were only trying to do their best. If it werent for some of these good people I myselfs would probly not be writing this. And as for the bad that was said to go on in Penhurst,everyone has their breaking points we are only human,and being under paid and staffed is never any help,people get overwhelmed it doesnt make it their fault.
What I find truly sad is when places ment to heal and help fall apart at the seams. Usually at no fault of their own.
Well these are just my thoughts take them as you will,I hope they give some of you pause and make you think.
Today I am a health care advocate. I work in nursing facilities. I work with a great guy who was in a state institution for people with intellectual disabilities for decades. He's been living in his own apartment for a few decades and has had an incredibly valuable and fulfilling life since. I am so glad it wasn't wasted.
The other day we were talking to a women about the conditions she is subjected in the nursing facility she told us she was scared of the nursing aid who "cared" for her in the morning. For example, she threatened to drop her on the floor and break her head if she didn't stop complaining. My coworker told her with lots of compassion that he knew, because he had been there many times. She was afraid to report because of the repercussions, but agreed to talk to state ombudsman about her options and the protections he could provide. When I talked to the ombudsman a few weeks later he told me he had gone to visit her only to learn that she had reported the nurse to the facility administration who had fired the abusive aid. That took so much strength. I think it was the compassion of my friend that sparked it in her.
I worked in a state hospital in NH briefly in high school. There were a few good staff and most were average and grumpy with no training. Just dumb trainings that made no sense to them. The day staff never saw the night staff except at shift change. In my experience in psychiatric hospitals when the staff are alone with you some of them are abusive. Well, there goes my ptsd. Anyway, some people are blind to the abusive ways of their coworkers either because they look the other way on purpose or they are in another room and don't see it. A lot of people might think the way they treat others is appropriate behavior modification when it is experienced as abusive. When people have been institutionalized and leave the institution with the proper supports they prosper. Plus it is a hell of a lot cheaper for society. Its a good thing.
website.